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an alternative algorithm for subtraction with regrouping?


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My 6yo is fascinated with negative numbers and has been for a while. The last few days he has been wanting to do his mental subtraction problems this way.

 

Example:

62-38=

(60-30)+(2-8)=

30+(-6)=24

 

He worked this out himself, and he insists that this is an acceptable way to work subtraction with regrouping problems ("It totally makes sense this way, Mom!").

 

I am not a mathy person at all. It seems to me that this should be okay, but what the heck do I know? Is there any reason why he shouldn't use this method? Is it going to cause confusion later on down the road?

 

For example, the only way I can figure out a problem like this requires so many more steps. It seems so inefficient compared to the standard algorithm (with vertical subtraction).

 

2457-1989=

(2000-1000)+(400-900)+(50-80)+(7-9)

1000-500-30-2

500-30-2

470-2

468

 

Do I let him continue to use his method? Just for mental math? I'm really out of my element here so any input would be helpful.

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I'm glad I'm not the only one in this boat. :) The thing is, he doesn't have to write down any steps anyway. Ds does mental math problems as warm-ups, and every once in a while, I ask him to explain how he got an answer. Sometimes I also make him show me how to represent his solution with manipulatives. He has to do this whether his answers are right or wrong. It's just part of our math lesson. That was when I first learned that he was working out his subtraction problems this way.

 

At first, I could not for the life of me figure out what he was doing with his units. I think the problem was 40-15, and I actually said, "No, you can not take 5 from a zero," to which he replied, "Yes, you can, Mom, and it's negative 5 units." :001_huh: Then he said that he has 3 tens and negative 5, so the answer is 25.

 

Because I grew up on the standard "borrowing" algorithm, it took me several minutes to figure out that he might be on to something, but I'm concerned that his way is really only workable for 2-digit problems. Maybe I should just let it go? Perhaps he'll figure out a different solution when we start doing mental math problems with bigger numbers.

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I'm glad I'm not the only one in this boat. :) The thing is, he doesn't have to write down any steps anyway. Ds does mental math problems as warm-ups, and every once in a while, I ask him to explain how he got an answer. Sometimes I also make him show me how to represent his solution with manipulatives. He has to do this whether his answers are right or wrong. It's just part of our math lesson. That was when I first learned that he was working out his subtraction problems this way.

 

At first, I could not for the life of me figure out what he was doing with his units. I think the problem was 40-15, and I actually said, "No, you can not take 5 from a zero," to which he replied, "Yes, you can, Mom, and it's negative 5 units." :001_huh: Then he said that he has 3 tens and negative 5, so the answer is 25.

 

Because I grew up on the standard "borrowing" algorithm, it took me several minutes to figure out that he might be on to something, but I'm concerned that his way is really only workable for 2-digit problems. Maybe I should just let it go? Perhaps he'll figure out a different solution when we start doing mental math problems with bigger numbers.

(And at that age I was fascinated with negative numbers too! :)) The only downside I think is what you've already noticed - the number of steps. As problems get bigger, he'll have more to remember... but not really more than borrowing/regrouping would require. And actually... when he gets to polynomial addition and subtraction (guess what one of my tutoring kids is working on this week? LOL) this is exactly the right method.

 

I actually do a variation on it myself - instead of figuring each column as a positive or negative number, I go with something like

62-38 = 62-(40-2)

........ = 62-40+2

........ = 22+2

........ = 24

(but I would do that in my head, not on paper)

 

I think the only thing I would do is occasionally ramp up the number of digits to a point where he needs to jot down each column's positive or negative difference to keep track of them. At six I wouldn't worry too much about the "showing his work" part in general, but when he does need to, it's worth spending some time on being efficient about it.

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I think it's fine for him to do that (mine loves negative numbers too).

 

When you get to teaching the standard algorithm in your math program, you can just show him "another way of doing it". When introducing the SA, instead of saying "Can we take 5 from 0?", say "Can we take 5 from 0 without going negative?" My son had no problem understanding that, and he picked up the SA in the first lesson and applied it to 5-digit numbers the next day. He can still use negative numbers also. Just another tool in his toolbox. :D

 

I wouldn't discourage his current method, as it's a good mental math method.

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There's nothing mathematically wrong with what he's doing, and it's more efficient for mental math imho. I do something similar myself.

 

I know and can demonstrate the standard algorithm, but I almost never use it. For example, with 2457 - 1989, I'd do 2457 - (2000-11) = 2457 - 2000 + 11 = 457 + 11 = 468.

 

It also sounds like he has a great understanding of place value :D

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Whew! Thanks for the help, everyone. I'm going to just go with it. Ds is 2E in ways that I'm just now starting to figure out. I was not expecting him to have this kind of insight into math, and I'm a little stumped by some of his approaches. I'm the kind of learner who likes to follow the steps in the textbook. And he's... not. :001_huh:

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This is super cool!!! Your 6year old is approaching math in a Constructivist way. This specific strategy he has created is mentioned in Right Start as: "Terry's way". That is really awesome that he came up with it on his own. I have some more ideas about subtraction with regrouping without the traditional algorithm on my blog, in case you are interested.

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Seriously! Ds is also fascinated by huge numbers. The other week, I caught him having a discussion with an older cousin, where the cousin was trying to explain exponential notation to my ds. When I asked what was going on, ds said with feverish excitement, "Mom, [cousin] is going to show me the difference between a googol and a googolplex!"

 

:001_huh:

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I think it's fine for him to do that (mine loves negative numbers too).

 

When you get to teaching the standard algorithm in your math program, you can just show him "another way of doing it". When introducing the SA, instead of saying "Can we take 5 from 0?", say "Can we take 5 from 0 without going negative?" My son had no problem understanding that, and he picked up the SA in the first lesson and applied it to 5-digit numbers the next day. He can still use negative numbers also. Just another tool in his toolbox. :D

 

I wouldn't discourage his current method, as it's a good mental math method.

 

 

:iagree:

 

I was scrupulous in always qualifying subtraction question that might otherwise require re-grouping with the disclaimer "without going into negative numbers."

 

My son must have heard it hundreds of times. Finally one day he demands to know what these negative numbers I keep mentioning are all about.

 

He caught onto them right away and he too went through a phase (mostly passed) of making negative numbers part of his active mental math strategy.

 

I would take it as an excellent sign that he has put this knowledge into an active strategy. It shows he understands mathematics and is creative. If it proves to be inefficient I suspect he will move to alternative mental math strategies of his own accord.

 

Bill

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:iagree:

 

I was scrupulous in always qualifying subtraction question that might otherwise require re-grouping with the disclaimer "without going into negative numbers."

 

My son must have heard it hundreds of times. Finally one day he demands to know what these negative numbers I keep mentioning are all about.

 

He caught onto them right away and he too went through a phase (mostly passed) of making negative numbers part of his active mental math strategy.

 

I would take it as an excellent sign that he has put this knowledge into an active strategy. It shows he understands mathematics and is creative. If it proves to be inefficient I suspect he will move to alternative mental math strategies of his own accord.

 

Bill

 

:iagree:

 

My DS is now getting past the negative number obsession and like the OP's child, he was setting up his mental math formula very similarly. Now he does a quick re-group in his head that from what he's said aloud to me looks like this:

 

62-38

 

12-8 = 4

50 - 30 = 20

answer is 24

 

Basically he'll take the tens place over to his subtraction in his head, leaving the rest in the tens place to subtract that after subtracting the ones.

 

So far he can do it to the thousands place pretty well (shocks me), his latest was yesterday....2367-1658, which he orally did as:

 

17-8 = 9

50-50 = 0

1300-600 = 700

1000-1000 = 0

answer = 709

 

On paper he does the standard steps to figure out the answer - he only does this mental gymnastics approach in his head.

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