My dh and I are almost licensed in our state so that we may foster/adopt a little girl. We started the process over a year ago, but things have been slowed down a bit by the agency that we are going through. After we are licensed we could have a child placed at any time. The wait here is usually not too long. As far as cost go- they are minimal when you go this route. It is my understanding that most of the "costs" are either reimbursed or they will come back with the tax credit. Another advantage is that the child will be eligible for whatever services that she qualifies for- to be covered until she reaches 18. (medical, therapy, etc.)
We are not in this to be a foster home. There are some risks involved, but we will be as informed as we can and we will trust that God knows the best place for the child.
That being said I have a friend waiting for her travel date to pick up her "special needs" child in China (she has a small birthmark on her forehead). I have heard that China is now predicting a 3 year delay. I also have friends adopting in the Philippines. The process will take about 2 years total. Other friends are looking into India. That process appears to take under a year.
Congratulations on your decision to adopt. There are a lot of options out there, but your heart will tell you which one is right for you and your family!
Best wishes,