You may find success if you approach your planning from a professional perspective for the subjects named. For instance, the best advice you'll secure on outlining and writing assignments will be from those who do it most—neither students or professors—but writers themselves. K.M. Weiland has several resources for outlining and structuring that are well-regarded. While they're geared for novel writing, the tool is still worth considering. It's a go to title for many.
Detail-oriented people often swear by David Allen's Getting Things Done (commonly written as GTD) but that's overkill for most. An easier option is the Pomodoro app. You'll find several varieties on all platforms. If productivity is low and you don't know where the time has gone, that's a great option. You can learn more about the Pomodoro Technique here.
If you prefer hand-written resources, Productive Flourishing's free planners may be of interest. They're repopulated every month. Just download and print.
Personally, I use a combination of techniques depending on the task and the beneficial behavior patterns I'm desiring to automate. It's not about the tools, but the digestion of the techniques which allow you to automate these behaviors without thinking. I employ a time-tracking app that's customized according to focus with targets for each subject. It allows me to see at a moment's notice how my time is spent. I also have a daily planner that I use for scheduling, but to capture ideas and other nuggets which may become a viable business option down the road.
Discipline is my greatest arsenal. It's the linchpin in the entire framework. There's a common belief that structure will squash creativity but if you read the biographies of innovative and successful people you'll find they're very fastidious in this area. The Talent Code and Talent is Overrated would be useful reads for you each. The system you employ is merely an avenue for accomplishment. The secret sauce is your execution, not the manner in which it's employed.