A lot of kids are not ready to read in first grade and there's nothing you can do about it. They invariably catch up just as soon as they're ready.
My oldest daughter learned to read on my mother's Bible. By the time she started school, she was very literate. My son, on the other hand, could barely read in second grade. Now, in fifth grade, he reads at 6.5 level.
And yes, you can teach a child to read without any program. Don't forget that only in the past 100 years or so have there been formal programs. For the other five or six thousand years people learned without.